An Ingestible Self-Polymerizing System for Targeted Sampling of Gut Microbiota and Biomarkers
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An Ingestible Self-Polymerizing System for Targeted Sampling of Gut Microbiota and Biomarkers. / Chen, Lu; Gruzinskyte, Lina; Jorgensen, Steffen Lynge; Boisen, Anja; Srivastava, Sarvesh Kumar.
In: ACS Nano, Vol. 14, No. 9, 2020, p. 12072-12081.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - An Ingestible Self-Polymerizing System for Targeted Sampling of Gut Microbiota and Biomarkers
AU - Chen, Lu
AU - Gruzinskyte, Lina
AU - Jorgensen, Steffen Lynge
AU - Boisen, Anja
AU - Srivastava, Sarvesh Kumar
PY - 2020
Y1 - 2020
N2 - A proof-of-concept for the fabrication of a self-polymerizing system for sampling of gut microbiome in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract is presented. An orally ingestible microdevice is loaded with the selfpolymerizing reaction mixture to entrap gut microbiota and biomarkers. This polymerization reaction is activated in the aqueous environment, like fluids in the intestinal lumen, and causes site-specific microsampling in the gastrointestinal tract. The sampled microbiota and protein biomarkers can be isolated and analyzed via highthroughput multiomic analyses. The study utilizes a hollow microdevice (Su-8, ca. 230 mu m), loaded with an on-board reaction mixture (iron chloride, ascorbic acid, and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate monomers) for diacrylate polymerization in the gut of an animal model. An enteric-coated rat capsule was used to orally gavage these microdevices in a rat model, thereby, protecting the microdevices in the stomach (pH 2), but releasing them in the intestine (pH 6.6). Upon capsule disintegration, the microdevices were released in the presence of luminal fluids (in the small intestine region), where iron chloride reacts with ascorbic acid, to initiate poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate polymerization via a free radical mechanism. Upon retrieval of the microdevices, gut microbiota was found to be entrapped in the polymerized hydrogel matrix, and genomic content was analyzed via 16s rRNA amplicon sequencing. Herein, the results show that the bacterial composition recovered from the microdevices closely resemble the bacterial composition of the gut microenvironment to which the microdevice is exposed. Further, histological assessment showed no signs of local tissue inflammation or toxicity. This study lays a strong foundation for the development of untethered, non-invasive microsampling technologies in the gut and advances our understanding of host-gut microbiome interactions, leading to a better understanding of their commensal behavior and associated GI disease progression in the near future.
AB - A proof-of-concept for the fabrication of a self-polymerizing system for sampling of gut microbiome in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract is presented. An orally ingestible microdevice is loaded with the selfpolymerizing reaction mixture to entrap gut microbiota and biomarkers. This polymerization reaction is activated in the aqueous environment, like fluids in the intestinal lumen, and causes site-specific microsampling in the gastrointestinal tract. The sampled microbiota and protein biomarkers can be isolated and analyzed via highthroughput multiomic analyses. The study utilizes a hollow microdevice (Su-8, ca. 230 mu m), loaded with an on-board reaction mixture (iron chloride, ascorbic acid, and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate monomers) for diacrylate polymerization in the gut of an animal model. An enteric-coated rat capsule was used to orally gavage these microdevices in a rat model, thereby, protecting the microdevices in the stomach (pH 2), but releasing them in the intestine (pH 6.6). Upon capsule disintegration, the microdevices were released in the presence of luminal fluids (in the small intestine region), where iron chloride reacts with ascorbic acid, to initiate poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate polymerization via a free radical mechanism. Upon retrieval of the microdevices, gut microbiota was found to be entrapped in the polymerized hydrogel matrix, and genomic content was analyzed via 16s rRNA amplicon sequencing. Herein, the results show that the bacterial composition recovered from the microdevices closely resemble the bacterial composition of the gut microenvironment to which the microdevice is exposed. Further, histological assessment showed no signs of local tissue inflammation or toxicity. This study lays a strong foundation for the development of untethered, non-invasive microsampling technologies in the gut and advances our understanding of host-gut microbiome interactions, leading to a better understanding of their commensal behavior and associated GI disease progression in the near future.
KW - gastrointestinal tract
KW - radical polymerization
KW - gut microbiota
KW - 16s rRNA amplicon sequencing
KW - protein biomarkers
U2 - 10.1021/acsnano.0c05426
DO - 10.1021/acsnano.0c05426
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 32830478
VL - 14
SP - 12072
EP - 12081
JO - A C S Nano
JF - A C S Nano
SN - 1936-0851
IS - 9
ER -
ID: 260745686