Generic Liquid Membranes for Electromembrane Extraction of Bases with Low or Moderate Hydrophilicity
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Generic Liquid Membranes for Electromembrane Extraction of Bases with Low or Moderate Hydrophilicity. / Zhou, Chen; Dowlatshah, Samira; Hay, Anne Oldeide; Schüller, Maria; Pedersen-Bjergaard, Stig; Hansen, Frederik André.
In: Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 95, No. 23, 2023, p. 8982-8989.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Generic Liquid Membranes for Electromembrane Extraction of Bases with Low or Moderate Hydrophilicity
AU - Zhou, Chen
AU - Dowlatshah, Samira
AU - Hay, Anne Oldeide
AU - Schüller, Maria
AU - Pedersen-Bjergaard, Stig
AU - Hansen, Frederik André
N1 - Funding Information: This project has received support from the DIKU–Norwegian Agency for International Cooperation and Quality Enhancement in Higher Education.
PY - 2023
Y1 - 2023
N2 - For the first time, this paper introduces the idea of generic extraction conditions in electromembrane extraction (EME), where the selection of the liquid membrane is based on the charge (z) and hydrophobicity (log P) of the analyte. A broad range of organic solvents were tested as liquid membranes, and 90 basic pharmaceuticals were used as model analytes (−4.2 < log P < 8.1). 2-Nitrophenyl octyl ether (NPOE) was confirmed as a highly efficient liquid membrane for mono- and dibases (+1.0 ≤ z ≤ +2.0) of low polarity in the log P range of 2.2-6.4. This log P range was set as the extraction window (operational range) of NPOE. NPOE provided very high operational stability. At 50 V, the current was at a 1 μA level, and gas formation and drifting pH due to electrolysis were insignificant. 2-Undecanone was discovered as a new and robust alternative. This solvent extracted monobasic analytes (z = +1) in the log P range of 1.0-5.8 and was efficient even for bases of moderate polarity. The current was at the 1-3 μA level when 2-undecanone was operated at 50 V. Tri(pentyl) phosphate emerged as another new alternative for bases in the log P range of 0.5 to 5.5, providing greater selectivity differences. This solvent provided a higher current (30-50 μA), but the EME system stability was not compromised. 2-Undecanone and tri(pentyl) phosphate extracted protonated bases mainly by hydrogen bond interactions. NPOE, on the other hand, extracted based on a combination of hydrogen bond and π-type interactions and was consequently less selective.
AB - For the first time, this paper introduces the idea of generic extraction conditions in electromembrane extraction (EME), where the selection of the liquid membrane is based on the charge (z) and hydrophobicity (log P) of the analyte. A broad range of organic solvents were tested as liquid membranes, and 90 basic pharmaceuticals were used as model analytes (−4.2 < log P < 8.1). 2-Nitrophenyl octyl ether (NPOE) was confirmed as a highly efficient liquid membrane for mono- and dibases (+1.0 ≤ z ≤ +2.0) of low polarity in the log P range of 2.2-6.4. This log P range was set as the extraction window (operational range) of NPOE. NPOE provided very high operational stability. At 50 V, the current was at a 1 μA level, and gas formation and drifting pH due to electrolysis were insignificant. 2-Undecanone was discovered as a new and robust alternative. This solvent extracted monobasic analytes (z = +1) in the log P range of 1.0-5.8 and was efficient even for bases of moderate polarity. The current was at the 1-3 μA level when 2-undecanone was operated at 50 V. Tri(pentyl) phosphate emerged as another new alternative for bases in the log P range of 0.5 to 5.5, providing greater selectivity differences. This solvent provided a higher current (30-50 μA), but the EME system stability was not compromised. 2-Undecanone and tri(pentyl) phosphate extracted protonated bases mainly by hydrogen bond interactions. NPOE, on the other hand, extracted based on a combination of hydrogen bond and π-type interactions and was consequently less selective.
U2 - 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01052
DO - 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01052
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 37259537
AN - SCOPUS:85163621749
VL - 95
SP - 8982
EP - 8989
JO - Industrial And Engineering Chemistry Analytical Edition
JF - Industrial And Engineering Chemistry Analytical Edition
SN - 0003-2700
IS - 23
ER -
ID: 360246331