TY - JOUR

T1 - A rapid and versatile microfluidic method for the simultaneous extraction of polar and non-polar basic pharmaceuticals from human urine

AU - Santigosa, Elia

AU - Pedersen-Bjergaard, Stig

AU - Giménez-Gómez, Pablo

AU - Muñoz, María

AU - Ramos-Payán, María

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by the Agencia de Gesti? d'Ajusts Universitaris i the Recerca (2017-SGR-329). Elia Santigosa thank Universitat Aut?noma de Barcelona (UAB) for the PIF fellowship. This work is partially supported by Microliquid S.L. in the frame of the bilateral collaborative project XploreChip P01158 and the PGC2018-096608-B-C21 from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion? Agencia Estatal de Investigacion, (Spain). Funding Information: This work was supported by the Agencia de Gestió d'Ajusts Universitaris i the Recerca ( 2017-SGR-329 ). Elia Santigosa thank Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) for the PIF fellowship. This work is partially supported by Microliquid S.L. in the frame of the bilateral collaborative project XploreChip P01158 and the PGC2018-096608-B-C21 from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion– Agencia Estatal de Investigacion, (Spain) .

PY - 2022

Y1 - 2022

N2 - In sample preparation, simultaneous extraction of analytes of very different polarity from biological matrixes represents a challenge. In this work, verapamil hydrochloride (VRP), amitriptyline (AMP), tyramine (TYR), atenolol (ATN), metopropol (MTP) and nortriptyline (NRP) were used as basic model analytes and simultaneously extracted from urine samples by liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) in a microfluidic device. The model analytes (target compounds) were pharmaceuticals with 0.4 < log P < 5. Different organic solvents and mixtures of them were investigated as supported liquid membrane (SLM), and a mixture of 2:1 (v/v) tributyl phosphate (TBP) and dihexyl ether (DHE) was found to be highly efficient for the simultaneous extraction of the non-polar and polar model analytes. TBP reduced the intrinsic hydrophobicity of the SLM and facilitated extraction of polar analytes, while DHE served to minimize trapping of non-polar analytes. Sample and acceptor phase composition were adjusted to pH 12 and pH 1.5, respectively. Urine samples were pumped into the microfluidic system at 1 μL min-1 and the extraction was completed in 7 min. Recoveries exceeded 78% for the target analytes, and the relative standard deviation (n = 4) was below 7% in all cases. Using five microliters of SLM, the microfluidic extraction system showed good long-term stability, and the same SLM was used for more than 18 consecutive extractions.

AB - In sample preparation, simultaneous extraction of analytes of very different polarity from biological matrixes represents a challenge. In this work, verapamil hydrochloride (VRP), amitriptyline (AMP), tyramine (TYR), atenolol (ATN), metopropol (MTP) and nortriptyline (NRP) were used as basic model analytes and simultaneously extracted from urine samples by liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) in a microfluidic device. The model analytes (target compounds) were pharmaceuticals with 0.4 < log P < 5. Different organic solvents and mixtures of them were investigated as supported liquid membrane (SLM), and a mixture of 2:1 (v/v) tributyl phosphate (TBP) and dihexyl ether (DHE) was found to be highly efficient for the simultaneous extraction of the non-polar and polar model analytes. TBP reduced the intrinsic hydrophobicity of the SLM and facilitated extraction of polar analytes, while DHE served to minimize trapping of non-polar analytes. Sample and acceptor phase composition were adjusted to pH 12 and pH 1.5, respectively. Urine samples were pumped into the microfluidic system at 1 μL min-1 and the extraction was completed in 7 min. Recoveries exceeded 78% for the target analytes, and the relative standard deviation (n = 4) was below 7% in all cases. Using five microliters of SLM, the microfluidic extraction system showed good long-term stability, and the same SLM was used for more than 18 consecutive extractions.

KW - Basic drugs

KW - Liquid phase microextraction

KW - Microfluidic

KW - Supported liquid membrane

KW - Urine samples

U2 - 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339829

DO - 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339829

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 35525588

AN - SCOPUS:85129079304

VL - 1208

JO - Analytica Chimica Acta

JF - Analytica Chimica Acta

SN - 0003-2670

M1 - 339829

ER -