Validation and Demonstration of an Atmosphere-TemperaturepH-Controlled Stirred Batch Reactor System for Determination of (Nano)Material Solubility and Dissolution Kinetics in Physiological Simulant Lung Fluids
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In this study, we present a dissolution test system that allows for the testing of dissolution of nano- and micrometer size materials under highly controlled atmospheric composition (O2 and CO2), temperature, and pH. The system enables dissolution testing in physiological simulant fluids (here low-calcium Gamble’s solution and phagolysosomal simulant fluid) and derivation of the temporal dissolution rates and reactivity of test materials. The system was validated considering the initial dissolution rates and dissolution profiles using eight different materials (γ-Al2O3, TiO2 (NM-104 coated with Al2O3 and glycerin), ZnO (NM-110 and NM-113, uncoated, and NM-111 coated with triethoxycaprylsilane), SiO2 (NM-200—synthetic amorphous silica), CeO2 (NM-212), and bentonite (NM-600) showing high intra-laboratory repeatability and robustness across repeated testing (I, II, and III) in triplicate (replicate 1, 2, and 3) in low-calcium Gamble’s solution. A two-way repeated-measures ANOVA was used to determine the intra-laboratory repeatability in low-calcium Gamble’s solution, where Al2O3 (p = 0.5277), ZnO (NM-110, p = 0.6578), ZnO (NM-111, p = 0.0627), and ZnO (NM-113, p = 0.4210) showed statistical identical repeatability across repeated testing (I, II, and III). The dissolution of the materials was also tested in phagolysosomal simulant fluid to demonstrate the applicability of the ATempH SBR system in other physiological fluids. We further show the uncertainty levels at which dissolution can be determined using the ATempH SBR system.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 517 |
Journal | Nanomaterials |
Volume | 12 |
Issue number | 3 |
ISSN | 1687-4110 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2022 |
Externally published | Yes |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:
Funding: This research was funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement number 760813 (PATROLS) and grant agreement number 814401 (GOV4NANO).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors.
- Abiotic in vitro testing, Batch reactor, Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, Nanomaterials, Physiological fluids
Research areas
ID: 365844598