TY - JOUR

T1 - Low-voltage electromembrane extraction of basic drugs from biological samples

AU - Kjelsen, Inger Johanne Østegaard

AU - Gjelstad, Astrid

AU - Rasmussen, Knut Einar

AU - Pedersen-Bjergaard, Stig

PY - 2008/2/8

Y1 - 2008/2/8

N2 - The present work has for the first time demonstrated electromembrane extraction (EME) at voltages obtainable by common batteries. Five basic drugs were extracted from acidified aqueous sample solutions, across a supported liquid membrane (SLM) consisting of 1-isopropyl-4-nitrobenzene impregnated in the walls of a hollow fiber, and into an acidified aqueous acceptor solution present inside the lumen of the hollow fiber with potential differences of 1-10 V applied over the SLM. Extractions from 1 ml standard solutions prepared in 10 mM HCl for 5 min and with a potential of 10 V demonstrated analyte recoveries of 50-93% in 25 μl of 10 mM HCl as acceptor solution. This corresponds to enrichment factors of 20-37. Similar results were obtained with a common 9 V battery as power supply. Recoveries from low-voltage EME on human plasma, urine, and breast milk diluted with acetate buffer (pH 4) demonstrated recoveries in the range of 37-55% after 5 min of extraction. Excellent selectivity was demonstrated as no interfering peaks were detected. Standard curves in the range of 0.0625-0.625 μg/ml demonstrated correlation coefficients of 0.994-0.999. Extraction recoveries from human plasma, urine or breast milk were not found to be sensitive towards individual variations. The results show that low-voltage EME has a future potential as a simple, selective, and time-efficient sample preparation technique of biological fluids.

AB - The present work has for the first time demonstrated electromembrane extraction (EME) at voltages obtainable by common batteries. Five basic drugs were extracted from acidified aqueous sample solutions, across a supported liquid membrane (SLM) consisting of 1-isopropyl-4-nitrobenzene impregnated in the walls of a hollow fiber, and into an acidified aqueous acceptor solution present inside the lumen of the hollow fiber with potential differences of 1-10 V applied over the SLM. Extractions from 1 ml standard solutions prepared in 10 mM HCl for 5 min and with a potential of 10 V demonstrated analyte recoveries of 50-93% in 25 μl of 10 mM HCl as acceptor solution. This corresponds to enrichment factors of 20-37. Similar results were obtained with a common 9 V battery as power supply. Recoveries from low-voltage EME on human plasma, urine, and breast milk diluted with acetate buffer (pH 4) demonstrated recoveries in the range of 37-55% after 5 min of extraction. Excellent selectivity was demonstrated as no interfering peaks were detected. Standard curves in the range of 0.0625-0.625 μg/ml demonstrated correlation coefficients of 0.994-0.999. Extraction recoveries from human plasma, urine or breast milk were not found to be sensitive towards individual variations. The results show that low-voltage EME has a future potential as a simple, selective, and time-efficient sample preparation technique of biological fluids.

KW - Basic drugs

KW - Electromembrane extraction

KW - Sample preparation

KW - Supported liquid membranes

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=38349023149&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.12.006

DO - 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.12.006

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 18164716

AN - SCOPUS:38349023149

VL - 1180

SP - 1

EP - 9

JO - Journal of Chromatography

JF - Journal of Chromatography

SN - 0301-4770

IS - 1-2

ER -