TY - JOUR

T1 - Enhancing liquid phase microextraction enrichment in microchip devices under semi-stagnant conditions

AU - Martín, Alejandro

AU - Dowlatshah, Samira

AU - Pedersen-Bjergaard, Stig

AU - Ramos-Payán, María

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by the coordinated projects I + D + i PID2021-123073NB-C22 and PID2021-123073NB-C21 from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIN). State Research Agency (AEI) (Generación del Conocimiento. MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER “Una manera de hacer Europa”). Publisher Copyright: © 2023 Elsevier B.V.

PY - 2023

Y1 - 2023

N2 - Liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) in microfluidic devices involves extraction of acids or bases by diffusion in a pH gradient, from aqueous sample, through a supported liquid membrane (SLM), and into aqueous acceptor phase. The SLM is an integrated part of the device, and separates the donor (sample) and acceptor phase channels. In this work, the geometry of the donor and acceptor phase channels were studied and optimized. With optimal channel geometry (12 mm length, 2 mm width, 0.12 mm depth), metoprolol, haloperidol, nortriptyline, and loperamide were extracted from 900 μL urine and into 25 μL stagnant 10 mM HCl using a mixture of dihexyl ether and tributyl phosphate 1:1 v/v as the SLM. During 30 min of extraction, where the sample was pumped into the system at 30 μL min−1 and the acceptor phase was stagnant, recoveries exceeded 75 % and enrichment factors up to 28 were obtained. Evaluation of the analytical performance supported the reliability of the device in combination with HPLC-UV detection. Implementation of LPME in microfluidic devices is expected to increase in the future and the current paper provides experimental support for the importance of the careful design of the donor and acceptor channels.

AB - Liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) in microfluidic devices involves extraction of acids or bases by diffusion in a pH gradient, from aqueous sample, through a supported liquid membrane (SLM), and into aqueous acceptor phase. The SLM is an integrated part of the device, and separates the donor (sample) and acceptor phase channels. In this work, the geometry of the donor and acceptor phase channels were studied and optimized. With optimal channel geometry (12 mm length, 2 mm width, 0.12 mm depth), metoprolol, haloperidol, nortriptyline, and loperamide were extracted from 900 μL urine and into 25 μL stagnant 10 mM HCl using a mixture of dihexyl ether and tributyl phosphate 1:1 v/v as the SLM. During 30 min of extraction, where the sample was pumped into the system at 30 μL min−1 and the acceptor phase was stagnant, recoveries exceeded 75 % and enrichment factors up to 28 were obtained. Evaluation of the analytical performance supported the reliability of the device in combination with HPLC-UV detection. Implementation of LPME in microfluidic devices is expected to increase in the future and the current paper provides experimental support for the importance of the careful design of the donor and acceptor channels.

KW - Basic drugs

KW - Liquid phase microextraction

KW - Microfluidic

KW - Sample treatment

KW - Supported liquid membrane

U2 - 10.1016/j.microc.2023.109383

DO - 10.1016/j.microc.2023.109383

M3 - Journal article

AN - SCOPUS:85172333972

VL - 195

JO - Microchemical Journal

JF - Microchemical Journal

SN - 0026-265X

M1 - 109383

ER -