TY - JOUR

T1 - Electromembrane extraction of streptomycin from biological fluids

AU - Hansen, Frederik André

AU - Pedersen-Bjergaard, Stig

PY - 2021/2/22

Y1 - 2021/2/22

N2 - In this fundamental study, streptomycin was extracted successfully from urine and plasma using electromembrane extraction (EME). Streptomycin is an aminoglycoside with log P -7.6 and was selected as an extremely polar model analyte. EME is a microextraction technique, where charged analytes are extracted under the influence of an electrical field, from sample, through a supported liquid membrane (SLM), and into an acceptor solution. The SLM comprised 2-nitrophenyl pentyl ether (NPPE) mixed with bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (DEHP). DEHP served as ionic carrier and facilitated transfer of streptomycin across the SLM. For EME from urine and protein precipitated plasma, the optimal DEHP content in the SLM was 45–50% w/w. From untreated plasma, the content of DEHP was increased to 75% w/w in order to suppress interference from plasma proteins. Most endogenous substances with UV absorbance were not extracted into the acceptor. Proteins and phospholipids were also discriminated, with <0.6% of proteins and <0.02% of phospholipids found in the acceptor after EME. Thus, despite the fact that the SLM was permeable to more polar molecules, the EME still provided very efficient sample cleanup. Extraction process efficiencies of 98% and 61% were achieved from urine and plasma, respectively, with linear calibration (R2 > 0.9929), absence of significant matrix effects (94–112%), accuracy of 94–125%, and RSD ≤ 15% except at LLOQ. The average current during extractions was 67 µA or less. The findings of this paper demonstrated that EME is feasible for extraction of basic analytes of extreme polarity.

AB - In this fundamental study, streptomycin was extracted successfully from urine and plasma using electromembrane extraction (EME). Streptomycin is an aminoglycoside with log P -7.6 and was selected as an extremely polar model analyte. EME is a microextraction technique, where charged analytes are extracted under the influence of an electrical field, from sample, through a supported liquid membrane (SLM), and into an acceptor solution. The SLM comprised 2-nitrophenyl pentyl ether (NPPE) mixed with bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (DEHP). DEHP served as ionic carrier and facilitated transfer of streptomycin across the SLM. For EME from urine and protein precipitated plasma, the optimal DEHP content in the SLM was 45–50% w/w. From untreated plasma, the content of DEHP was increased to 75% w/w in order to suppress interference from plasma proteins. Most endogenous substances with UV absorbance were not extracted into the acceptor. Proteins and phospholipids were also discriminated, with <0.6% of proteins and <0.02% of phospholipids found in the acceptor after EME. Thus, despite the fact that the SLM was permeable to more polar molecules, the EME still provided very efficient sample cleanup. Extraction process efficiencies of 98% and 61% were achieved from urine and plasma, respectively, with linear calibration (R2 > 0.9929), absence of significant matrix effects (94–112%), accuracy of 94–125%, and RSD ≤ 15% except at LLOQ. The average current during extractions was 67 µA or less. The findings of this paper demonstrated that EME is feasible for extraction of basic analytes of extreme polarity.

KW - Biological samples

KW - Electromembrane extraction

KW - Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry

KW - Polar base

KW - Streptomycin

U2 - 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461915

DO - 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461915

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 33535115

AN - SCOPUS:85100434788

VL - 1639

JO - Journal of Chromatography

JF - Journal of Chromatography

SN - 0301-4770

M1 - 461915

ER -