TY - JOUR

T1 - Three-Dimensional Printing of Drug-Eluting Implants

T2 - Preparation of an Antimicrobial Polylactide Feedstock Material

AU - Water, Jorrit Jeroen

AU - Bohr, Adam

AU - Bøtker, Johan Peter

AU - Aho, Johanna

AU - Sandler, Niklas

AU - Nielsen, Hanne Mørck

AU - Rantanen, Jukka

N1 - © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association.

PY - 2015/1/15

Y1 - 2015/1/15

N2 - The aim of the present work was to investigate the potential of three-dimensional (3D) printing as a manufacturing method for products intended for personalized treatments by exploring the production of novel polylactide-based feedstock materials for 3D printing purposes. Nitrofurantoin (NF) and hydroxyapatite (HA) were successfully mixed and extruded with up to 30% drug load with and without addition of 5% HA in polylactide strands, which were subsequently 3D-printed into model disc geometries (10 × 2 mm). X-ray powder diffraction analysis showed that NF maintained its anhydrate solid form during the processing. Release of NF from the disks was dependent on the drug loading in a concentration-dependent manner as a higher level of released drug was observed from disks with higher drug loads. Disks with 30% drug loading were able to prevent surface-associated and planktonic growth of Staphylococcus aureus over a period of 7 days. At 10% drug loading, the disks did not inhibit planktonic growth, but still inhibited surface-associated growth. Elemental analysis indicated the presence of microdomains of solid drug supporting the observed slow and partial drug release. This work demonstrates the potential of custom-made, drug-loaded feedstock materials for 3D printing of pharmaceutical products for controlled release.

AB - The aim of the present work was to investigate the potential of three-dimensional (3D) printing as a manufacturing method for products intended for personalized treatments by exploring the production of novel polylactide-based feedstock materials for 3D printing purposes. Nitrofurantoin (NF) and hydroxyapatite (HA) were successfully mixed and extruded with up to 30% drug load with and without addition of 5% HA in polylactide strands, which were subsequently 3D-printed into model disc geometries (10 × 2 mm). X-ray powder diffraction analysis showed that NF maintained its anhydrate solid form during the processing. Release of NF from the disks was dependent on the drug loading in a concentration-dependent manner as a higher level of released drug was observed from disks with higher drug loads. Disks with 30% drug loading were able to prevent surface-associated and planktonic growth of Staphylococcus aureus over a period of 7 days. At 10% drug loading, the disks did not inhibit planktonic growth, but still inhibited surface-associated growth. Elemental analysis indicated the presence of microdomains of solid drug supporting the observed slow and partial drug release. This work demonstrates the potential of custom-made, drug-loaded feedstock materials for 3D printing of pharmaceutical products for controlled release.

U2 - 10.1002/jps.24305

DO - 10.1002/jps.24305

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 25640314

SP - 1099

EP - 1107

JO - Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

JF - Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

SN - 0022-3549

ER -