TY - JOUR

T1 - Determination of gaseous and particulate selenium over a rural grassland in the U.K.

AU - Haygarth, Philip M.

AU - Fowler, David

AU - Stürup, Stefan

AU - Davison, Brian M.

AU - Tones, Kevin C.

PY - 1994/1/1

Y1 - 1994/1/1

N2 - The atmosphere is identified as playing an important role in the mass balance of selenium (Se) in grassland ecosystems, potentially governing the critical levels for grazing livestock. This paper presents the first known measurements of gas phase Se in the U.K. atmosphere along with simultaneous particulate measurements. Sampling and analytical determination are difficult and detailed consideration was therefore given to method development. Particulate Se was trapped on 0.45 μm Millipore HA filters using a low-velocity sampling method and determination by acid digestion and hydride atomic absorption. Gaseous Se is particularly difficult to trap and charcoal and nitric acid methods were compared. It was found that nitric acid was the most favourable for our purposes, primarily because of compatibility with analysis by atomic absorption. Total concentrations ranged from ∼ 0.5 to 4.0 ng Se m-3, with ∼ 20-50% present in the gas phase (i.e. < 0.45 μm fraction). Simultaneous gas-particle partitioning was undertaken on a transect of 0.1, 0.35 and 3.00 m above a grassland surface in rural northwest England. Despite analytical difficulties, these results were used to estimate volatilisation fluxes at ∼ 100-200μg m-2 yr-1, whilst dry deposition, calculated from the dry deposition velocity (Vg) of particulate Se, contributed ca. 2 μg m-2 yr-1. Previous investigations have indicated that there has been a long-term increase of Se in other agricultural soils in the U.K. This implies that wet deposition far exceeds dry deposition of Se, probably representing an input in excess of 200 μg m-2 yr-1.

AB - The atmosphere is identified as playing an important role in the mass balance of selenium (Se) in grassland ecosystems, potentially governing the critical levels for grazing livestock. This paper presents the first known measurements of gas phase Se in the U.K. atmosphere along with simultaneous particulate measurements. Sampling and analytical determination are difficult and detailed consideration was therefore given to method development. Particulate Se was trapped on 0.45 μm Millipore HA filters using a low-velocity sampling method and determination by acid digestion and hydride atomic absorption. Gaseous Se is particularly difficult to trap and charcoal and nitric acid methods were compared. It was found that nitric acid was the most favourable for our purposes, primarily because of compatibility with analysis by atomic absorption. Total concentrations ranged from ∼ 0.5 to 4.0 ng Se m-3, with ∼ 20-50% present in the gas phase (i.e. < 0.45 μm fraction). Simultaneous gas-particle partitioning was undertaken on a transect of 0.1, 0.35 and 3.00 m above a grassland surface in rural northwest England. Despite analytical difficulties, these results were used to estimate volatilisation fluxes at ∼ 100-200μg m-2 yr-1, whilst dry deposition, calculated from the dry deposition velocity (Vg) of particulate Se, contributed ca. 2 μg m-2 yr-1. Previous investigations have indicated that there has been a long-term increase of Se in other agricultural soils in the U.K. This implies that wet deposition far exceeds dry deposition of Se, probably representing an input in excess of 200 μg m-2 yr-1.

KW - atmosphere

KW - deposition

KW - grassland

KW - Selenium

KW - volatilisation

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0028669063&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/1352-2310(94)00196-R

DO - 10.1016/1352-2310(94)00196-R

M3 - Journal article

AN - SCOPUS:0028669063

VL - 28

SP - 3655

EP - 3663

JO - Atmospheric Environment

JF - Atmospheric Environment

SN - 1352-2310

IS - 22

ER -